Effects and Side Effects of CBD

When people see CBD, they often associate it with “hallucinogenic” and “addictive”, and ignore its true effects and possible side effects. This article will provide a detailed overview of CBD’s effects and side effects that are supported by relatively robust clinical evidence, helping readers gain an accurate understanding of CBD.

1. The main effects of CBD

1) Relieve anxiety and stress

Several studies have shown that CBD may reduce anxiety by affecting serotonin receptors in the brain, regulating mood and emotional responses.

A study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry found that approximately 70% of participants believed CBD products were effective, particularly in relieving anxiety and stress, and had milder side effects than traditional medications.

Research support: Cannabidiol usage, efficacy, and side effects

2) Improve sleep quality

CBD may indirectly improve sleep quality by relieving anxiety and pain. Studies have found that CBD can help people fall asleep and stay asleep, especially for people whose insomnia stems from pain or anxiety.

Research support: Cannabidiol (CBD): What we know and what we don’t – Harvard Health

3) Anti-epileptic effect

CBD has been shown to have therapeutic effects on certain types of epilepsy. The Harvard Health Blog mentions that CBD can reduce the number of epileptic seizures and even stop them altogether in some cases.

The US FDA has approved the CBD-containing drug Epidiolex for the treatment of intractable epilepsy, including Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Research support: FDA Approval of Epidiolex for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and Dravet Syndrome

4) Relieve chronic pain

CBD has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may help people with chronic pain. Research suggests that CBD may reduce pain caused by conditions such as arthritis by interacting with the endocannabinoid system.

5) Improve symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Preliminary research suggests that CBD may help people with autism spectrum disorder, including improving social responsiveness, reducing disruptive behavior, and alleviating anxiety symptoms.

The University of São Paulo conducted a clinical trial using CBD extracts on 276 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), aged 5–21. The results indicated that the majority of participants showed positive changes in behavioral improvement, anxiety reduction, and sleep quality enhancement.

Research support: CBD improves behavior of kids with autism — with new studies testing children as young as 5

In fact, CBD has a very wide range of effects. Besides the above effects, it also has antidepressant, neuroprotective, cardiovascular health-promoting, antipsychotic, and anti-nausea and anti-vomiting properties. As more and more clinical studies confirm its efficacy, CBD will play an increasingly important role in the health and wellness field..

2. Side Effects of CBD

Despite its many benefits, CBD may cause some side effects. Here are some common side effects:

1) Drowsiness and fatigue

CBD may cause drowsiness and fatigue, especially at high doses. CBD induces mild drowsiness and fatigue by modulating neurotransmitters (GABA and serotonin) and the endocannabinoid system, which overall places the nervous system in a suppressed or relaxed state.

Research support: Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Self-Treatment of Depression-Exploratory Study and a New Phenomenon of Concern for Psychiatrists

2) Digestive discomfort

CBD acts on endocannabinoid and serotonin receptors in the gut to alter gastrointestinal motility, digestive secretion, and appetite regulation. This action may lead to diarrhea, nausea, or changes in appetite.

3) Abnormal liver function

High doses of CBD can increase liver metabolic load and cause oxidative stress, leading to hepatocellular stress and mild liver injury, which is reflected by elevated liver enzymes such as ALT and AST in the blood, and elevated liver enzymes often signal liver cell damage or abnormal liver function.

Research support: CDER Investigators Address the Safety of CBD in a Randomized Trial

4) Drug Interactions

CBD affects the metabolism and effects of certain drugs by interacting with them. CBD can alter the blood concentration and metabolism of drugs by inhibiting or competing with CYP450 enzymes and drug transport proteins, thereby enhancing or reducing drug effects and potentially increasing the risk of side effects.

Similarly, CBD may enhance the psychoactive effects of drugs. For example, when CBD and THC are used together, CBD may inhibit the metabolism of THC, leading to stronger and longer-lasting effects.

Research support: CBD May Increase the Adverse Effects of THC in Edible Cannabis Products

Conclusion

As a natural compound, CBD has a variety of potential effects, including relieving anxiety, improving sleep, fighting epilepsy, and relieving chronic pain. However, when using CBD, you should also be aware of its possible side effects. Before using CBD, it is recommended to consult a medical professional, especially if you are taking other medications or have liver disease.